A crucial sensor that is the subject of a Boeing safety bulletin was replaced on a Lion Air jet the day before it plunged into the Java Sea and possibly worsened other problems with the plane, Indonesian investigators have revealed.
Indonesia’s National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) said it had agreed with Boeing on procedures that the airplane manufacturer should distribute globally on how flight crews can deal with “angle of attack” sensor problems following the October 29 crash that killed all 189 people on board.
Experts say the angle of attack is a crucial parameter that helps the aircraft’s computers understand whether its nose is too high relative to the current of air.
The sensor keeps track of the angle of the aircraft nose relative to oncoming air to prevent the plane from stalling and diving.
But a Boeing statement said a safety bulletin, sent to airlines this week, directs flight crews to existing guidelines on how they should respond to erroneous “angle of attack” data.
It was not immediately clear whether Boeing was planning to update the guidelines, though comments from Indonesian officials indicate they expect so.
Airspeed indicator malfunction and sensor issue linked
Transport safety committee chairman Soerjanto Tjahjono said airspeed indicator malfunctions on the jet’s last four flights, which were revealed by an analysis of the flight data recorder, were intertwined with the sensor issue.
“The point is that after the AOA [sensor] is replaced the problem is not solved, but the problem might even increase. Is this fatal? NTSC wants to explore this,” he said.
Lion Air’s first two attempts to address the airspeed indicator problem did not work, and for the Boeing 737 MAX 8 plane’s second-to-last flight on October 28, the angle of attack sensors were replaced, Mr Tjahjono said.
On that flight, from Bali to Jakarta, the pilot’s and co-pilot’s sensors disagreed.
The two-month-old plane went into a sudden dive minutes after take-off, which the pilots were able to recover from. They decided to fly on to Jakarta at a lower-than-normal altitude.
Indonesian investigators said their flight procedure recommendations to Boeing were based on how the flight crew responded to problems on the Bali to Jakarta flight.
“The draft of what will be conveyed by Boeing this morning has been presented to us,” air accident investigator Nurcahyo Utomo said.
“There are some things that we ask for explanation and some that we ask to be removed, and there has been an agreement between NTSC and Boeing to release a new procedure to all Boeing 737 MAX users in the world.”
Indonesia’s search and rescue agency extended the search effort on Wednesday for a second time, saying it would continue until Sunday.
Body parts are still being recovered and searchers continue to hunt for the cockpit voice recorder.
The plane hit the water at very high speed just 13 minutes after take-off from Jakarta. Its flight crew had requested permission to return to the airport several minutes after taking off.
The Lion Air crash is the worst airline disaster in Indonesia since 1997, when 234 people died on a Garuda flight near Medan.
In December 2014, an AirAsia flight from Surabaya to Singapore plunged into the sea, killing all 162 on board.
Lion Air is one of Indonesia’s youngest airlines but has grown rapidly, flying to dozens of domestic and international destinations. It has been expanding aggressively in South-East Asia, a fast-growing region of more than 600 million people.
